Abstract
the public finance market is a type of market that carries out the processes of management and distribution of the financial resources of the state. It includes government revenue collection, spending, borrowing, and other financial transactions. The public finance market is one of the important elements of the economy and carries out the financial policy of the state. The study investigates the critical components of public finance, emphasizing the role of tax policy, government spending efficiency, and public debt management in ensuring economic stability and social welfare. It identifies gaps in balancing tax collection efficiency and economic growth, highlighting challenges like tax evasion and unequal distribution of financial burdens. A qualitative methodology was employed, analyzing contemporary public finance practices through case studies and comparative analysis. Findings reveal that progressive tax systems can alleviate social inequality, while effective government spending enhances economic growth and public welfare. However, issues such as inefficiencies in tax systems and suboptimal debt management persist. The results underscore the need for innovative tax collection strategies, better resource allocation, and enhanced public debt management frameworks. The implications of this research extend to policymakers aiming to optimize financial stability and social equity, emphasizing the integration of international best practices into national public finance strategies.