Аннотация
A cataract is a medical condition characterized by the clouding of the eye's natural lens, leading to a gradual decrease in vision. It is a common cause of visual impairment, especially in older adults. Cataracts develop due to changes in the lens proteins, often associated with aging, trauma, genetic factors, or underlying health conditions like diabetes. Clinically, cataracts are categorized by their location in the lens, such as nuclear, cortical, or posterior subcapsular types. Treatment typically involves surgical removal of the cloudy lens and replacement with an artificial intraocular lens.