Abstract
Teaching English to ESL (English as a Second Language) students requires a multifaceted approach that combines immersive techniques, interactive methodologies, and scaffolded instruction. This article explores evidence-based strategies for effective ESL teaching, emphasizing the importance of an English-rich environment, communicative activities, and balanced skill development in listening, speaking, reading, and writing. Drawing on theoretical frameworks such as Krashen’s Input Hypothesis, Vygotsky’s Sociocultural Theory, and Bruner’s scaffolding concept, the study highlights how task-based learning, peer collaboration, and technology integration enhance language acquisition. Findings suggest that immersive and interactive methods improve student engagement, confidence, and retention, though differentiated instruction and transitional support may be necessary for beginners. The discussion also addresses challenges and proposes future research directions, including the long-term impact of technology-enhanced learning. By integrating these strategies, educators can create an inclusive and dynamic classroom that fosters English proficiency and real-world communication skills.